As an outcome of the further development of modern simulation technology, virtual technology has been widely used under the support of computer technology and multimedia technology and provides more interactivity and perceptibility. However, in the past, the design of virtual teaching system was mainly based on theoretical analysis, resulting in low practicability. The appearance of WebGL standard simplifies the procedure of developing web-specific rendering plug-ins, contributing to more seamless 3D scenes and models. This study constructed the theory from several aspects including multimedia teaching effect under cognitive theory, WebGL architecture, design of virtual teaching curriculum based on WebGL, and built a WebGL-based virtual teaching platform for mole design through designing the overall framework and constructing the three-dimensional teaching environment. Practice has proved that the platform makes it convenient for users to create teaching scenarios and engage in interactions, and strengthens students’ understanding of theoretical knowledge and skill practice.