
Abstract Autophagy is a major innate immune defense pathway in both plants and animals. In mammals, this cascade can be elicited by cytokines (IFN-γ) or pattern recognition receptors (TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors). Many signaling components in TLR- and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor-induced autophagy are now known; however, those involved in activating autophagy via IFN-γ remain to be elucidated. In this study, we engineered macrophages encoding a tandem fluorescently tagged LC3b (tfLC3) autophagosome reporter along with stably integrated short hairpin RNAs to demonstrate IFN-γ–induced autophagy required JAK 1/2, PI3K, and p38 MAPK but not STAT1. Moreover, the autophagy-related guanosine triphosphatase Irgm1 proved dispensable in both stable tfLC3-expressing RAW 264.7 and tfLC3-transduced Irgm1−/− primary macrophages, revealing a novel p38 MAPK-dependent, STAT1-independent autophagy pathway that bypasses Irgm1. These unexpected findings have implications for understanding how IFN-γ–induced autophagy is mobilized within macrophages for inflammation and host defense.
Mice, Knockout, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Macrophages, Bone Marrow Cells, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Cell Line, Interferon-gamma, Mice, STAT1 Transcription Factor, GTP-Binding Proteins, Genes, Reporter, Phagosomes, Autophagy, Animals
Mice, Knockout, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Macrophages, Bone Marrow Cells, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Cell Line, Interferon-gamma, Mice, STAT1 Transcription Factor, GTP-Binding Proteins, Genes, Reporter, Phagosomes, Autophagy, Animals
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