
APETx2 is a peptide isolated from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. It is the most potent and selective inhibitor of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) and it is currently in preclinical studies as a novel analgesic for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain. As a peptide it faces many challenges in the drug development process, including the potential lack of stability often associated with therapeutic peptides. In this study we determined the susceptibility of wild-type APETx2 to trypsin and pepsin and tested the applicability of backbone cyclisation as a strategy to improve its resistance to enzymatic degradation. Cyclisation with either a six-, seven- or eight-residue linker vastly improved the protease resistance of APETx2 but substantially decreased its potency against ASIC3. This suggests that either the N- or C-terminus of APETx2 is involved in its interaction with the channel, which we confirmed by making N- and C-terminal truncations. Truncation of either terminus, but especially the N-terminus, has detrimental effects on the ability of APETx2 to inhibit ASIC3. The current work indicates that cyclisation is unlikely to be a suitable strategy for stabilising APETx2, unless linkers can be engineered that do not interfere with binding to ASIC3.
truncation, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, sea anemone, QH301-705.5, Molecular Sequence Data, Sea anemone, Article, Structure-Activity Relationship, Xenopus laevis, Cnidarian Venoms, Drug Stability, ASIC3, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Biology (General), 3002 Drug Discovery, APETx2, stability, 540, sea anemone;<strong> </strong>peptide;<strong> </strong>APETx2; ASIC3; cyclisation; truncation; stability, cyclisation, Rats, Acid Sensing Ion Channels, <strong> </strong>peptide, <strong> </strong>APETx2, Acid Sensing Ion Channel Blockers, Cyclization, Peptide
truncation, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, sea anemone, QH301-705.5, Molecular Sequence Data, Sea anemone, Article, Structure-Activity Relationship, Xenopus laevis, Cnidarian Venoms, Drug Stability, ASIC3, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Biology (General), 3002 Drug Discovery, APETx2, stability, 540, sea anemone;<strong> </strong>peptide;<strong> </strong>APETx2; ASIC3; cyclisation; truncation; stability, cyclisation, Rats, Acid Sensing Ion Channels, <strong> </strong>peptide, <strong> </strong>APETx2, Acid Sensing Ion Channel Blockers, Cyclization, Peptide
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