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Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
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Análise de fake news veiculadas durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil

Authors: Thainá do Nascimento de Barcelos; Luíza Nepomuceno Muniz; Deborah Marinho Dantas; Dorival Fagundes Cotrim Junior; João Roberto Cavalcante; Eduardo Faerstein;

Análise de fake news veiculadas durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil

Abstract

Objetivo. Caracterizar as fake news sobre COVID-19 que circularam no Brasil de janeiro a junho de 2020. Métodos. As fake news registradas até 30 de junho de 2020 em dois sites (G1, da corporação Globo, e Ministério da Saúde) foram coletadas e categorizadas de acordo com o seu conteúdo. Para cada notícia enganosa, foram extraídos os seguintes dados: data de circulação, título, canal de divulgação (por exemplo, WhatsApp), formato da divulgação (por exemplo, texto, foto ou vídeo) e portal de registro. Os termos encontrados nos títulos das notícias falsas foram analisados no Google Trends para determinar se houve aumento de buscas no Google com utilização desses termos após a disseminação de uma determinada notícia enganosa. Foram também identificadas as macrorregiões brasileiras com maior porcentagem de aumento nas buscas utilizando os termos analisados. Resultados. Foram identificadas 329 fake news relacionadas à pandemia de COVID-19 nos sites estudados (253 no G1 e 76 no Ministério da Saúde). As fake news foram disseminadas principalmente através de WhatsApp e Facebook. As categorias temáticas mais frequentes foram: política (por exemplo, governantes falsificando a vacinação contra a COVID-19, com 20,1%), epidemiologia e estatística (proporção dos casos e óbitos, 19,5%) e prevenção (16,1%). Conforme o Google Trends, houve um aumento de 34,3% nas buscas que utilizavam termos presentes nas fake news. O maior aumento nas buscas ocorreu no Sudeste (45,1%) e Nordeste (27,8%). Conclusões. As fake news divulgadas durante os primeiros 6 meses da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil se caracterizaram por conteúdos de posicionamento político e desinformação sobre número de casos e óbitos e medidas de prevenção e de tratamento. Os principais veículos de divulgação foram o WhatsApp e o Facebook, com utilização de mensagens, imagens e vídeos, tendo maior alcance nas regiões Sudeste e Nordeste do país.

Keywords

RC955-962, Artigo Original, R, brasil, meios de comunicação, saúde pública, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, infecções por coronavírus, Medicine, mídias sociais, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, acesso à internet, saúde global

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
39
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Top 10%
Top 1%
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