Abstract: The components of the cholinergic nervous system, i.e., choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, sodium‐dependent high‐affinity choline uptake, acetylcholine, and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, in the developing archi‐ and paleocerebellum of the rat have been investigated by biochemical methods. A close correlation between the development of the different elements of the system has been demonstrated in the two areas. The cholinergic structure develops first in the archicerebellum, which displays high levels of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, acetylcholine, and sodium‐dependent high‐affinity choline uptake. The paleocerebellum receives a sparser cholinergic innervation during development. The differences in the values for these components in the cerebellum as a whole may reflect the development of cholinergic and noncholinergic neuronal structures. It is concluded that the development of the cholinergic system cannot be analyzed in the cerebellum as a whole; rather specific regions such as the archi‐, paleo‐, or neocerebellum must be examined.