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pmid: 10005689
We present angle-resolved inverse-photoemission (IPE) spectroscopy data from the nearly perfect ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$(110) surface. Results from two high-symmetry directions of the surface Brillouin zone, \ensuremath{\Gamma}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}-X\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} and \ensuremath{\Gamma}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}-X\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}', are reported and compared with the results of bulk and surface electronic-structure calculations. Features in the spectra appearing \ensuremath{\sim}1, 4, 9, and 13 eV above the Fermi level are associated with the primarily Ti-derived 2${\mathit{t}}_{2\mathit{g}}$, 3${\mathit{e}}_{\mathit{g}}$, 3${\mathit{a}}_{1\mathit{g}}$, and 4${\mathit{t}}_{1\mathit{u}}$ levels. The results are consistent with earlier studies using x-ray-absorption spectroscopy and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy but show some discrepancies in energy positions. All of the spectral features exhibit a small amount of dispersion with respect to ${\mathit{k}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}$. Surface states and resonances identified in the 0--2-eV region are in accordance with previously published calculations [S. Munnix and M. Schmeits, Phys. Rev. B 30, 2202 (1984)]. The absence of surface resonances near 3 eV strongly suggests that the nearly perfect ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$(110) surface is terminated by a bridging oxygen layer.
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