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El Patrimonio musical andalusí de la tradición clásica en el Magreb: realidades y retos en el nuevo milenio The Andalusian Classical Music Heritage in the Maghreb: Realities and Challenges in the New Millenniu.

Authors: Manuela Cortés García;

El Patrimonio musical andalusí de la tradición clásica en el Magreb: realidades y retos en el nuevo milenio The Andalusian Classical Music Heritage in the Maghreb: Realities and Challenges in the New Millenniu.

Abstract

Resumen: Diferentes son los factores que han contribuido a fomentar el conocimiento y el desarrollo evolutivo de la música andalusí de la tradición clásica en ambas orillas. Como factores determinantes, señalar: 1) El fenómeno de aculturación sufrido por una música tradicional que se ha mantenido viva, en cierta medida, en las escuelas magrebíes a través del proceso transmisor ejercido por andalusíes y moriscos en su diáspora por el Mediterráneo (ss. XV-XVII) y la evolución en tierras magrebíes; 2) La integración al campo de la Musicología (s. XIX) y el proceso de concienciación del patrimonio en el Congreso de Fez (1938); 3). Las aportaciones occidentales durante el período colonial en el Norte de África (1912-1956) que dieron paso a la labor de edición y estudio de los tratados musicales, el conocimiento de los repertorios conservados y la notación musical de las nawbas (dialectal nubas)1; 4) La difusión articulada en base a los movimientos migratorios Magreb-Europa (ss. XX-XXI) y la incorporación al espacio intercultural europeo mediante los programas culturales desarrollados en el ámbito de las conexiones entre las dos orillas; 5) La apertura y difusión a los mercados discográficos internacionales y su difusión en los medios de comunicación. Estos factores que han permitido la supervivencia de una parte de la música andalusí de la tradición clásica en las escuelas magrebíes, al traspasar las barreras de las minorías han contribuido a su incorporación progresiva al mercado de las culturas musicales. Así también, la revisión y actualización de nuevas fuentes documentales localizadas en las últimas décadas permiten la puesta en valor del patrimonio material andalusí-magrebí en el marco del nuevo milenio, al mismo tiempo que facilitan afrontar los retos impuestos en la investigación actual. Abstract: On both shores of the Mediterranean, diverse factors have fostered the knowledge and evolution of Andalusian classical music [music that originated in medieval Muslim Spain or Al-Andalus]. Among the most important of these are: 1) Local adaptations undergone by this traditional music, which still survives to some extent in the Maghreb thanks to its diffusion by the Moorish diaspora of the 15th to 17th centuries and its subsequent evolution in North Africa; 2) The integration of Andalusian classical music into the field of Musicology in the 19th century and the raising of consciousness about this heritage at the Congress of Fez in 1938; 3) Western contributions during the colonial period in North Africa (1912 – 1956 in the Moroccan case), which prompted the study and publication of musical treatises, research into extant repertoires and the musical notation of the nawbas (dialect. Nubas)1; 4) The re-diffusion of Andalusian classical music with the migration of Maghrebis to Europe in the 20th and 21st centuries, and its projection in intercultural European space through cultural programs developed by those seeking to connect the Maghreb and Europe; and 5) The opening of international record company markets and the diffusion of Andalusian classical music through the mass media. These factors have ensured the survival of part of the Andalusian classical music tradition in the Maghreb, overcoming minority barriers and facilitating its gradual inclusion in the market for music of diverse cultures. New documentary sources discovered in recent decades further highlight the importance of the material aspects of the Andalusian-North African legacy in the context of a new millennium, and ease the research challenges we still face.

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Keywords

music notation, treatises, nawba (nuba), escuela de laudistas, documentary sources, Maghreb, interdisciplinaridad, Magreb, música andalusí-magrebí, teóricos, cuerdas, mode, notación musical, music heritage, modo, theorists, lute school, interdisciplinary, tratados, Andalusian classical music, Fuentes documentales, al-Andalus, patrimonio musical, stringed instruments, moriscos

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