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Tissue factor cytoplasmic domain exacerbates post-infarct left ventricular remodeling via orchestrating cardiac inflammation and angiogenesis

Authors: Chong, Suet Yen; Zharkova, Olga; Yatim, Siti Maryam J.M.; Wang, Xiaoyuan; Lim, Xiong Chang; Huang, Chenyuan; Tan, Chia Yee; +11 Authors

Tissue factor cytoplasmic domain exacerbates post-infarct left ventricular remodeling via orchestrating cardiac inflammation and angiogenesis

Abstract

The coagulation protein tissue factor (TF) regulates inflammation and angiogenesis via its cytoplasmic domain in infection, cancer and diabetes. While TF is highly abundant in the heart and is implicated in cardiac pathology, the contribution of its cytoplasmic domain to post-infarct myocardial injury and adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling remains unknown. Methods: Myocardial infarction was induced in wild-type mice or mice lacking the TF cytoplasmic domain (TF∆CT) by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Heart function was monitored with echocardiography. Heart tissue was collected at different time-points for histological, molecular and flow cytometry analysis. Results: Compared with wild-type mice, TF∆CT had a higher survival rate during a 28-day follow-up after myocardial infarction. Among surviving mice, TF∆CT mice had better cardiac function and less LV remodeling than wild-type mice. The overall improvement of post-infarct cardiac performance in TF∆CT mice, as revealed by speckle-tracking strain analysis, was attributed to reduced myocardial deformation in the peri-infarct region. Histological analysis demonstrated that TF∆CT hearts had in the infarct area greater proliferation of myofibroblasts and better scar formation. Compared with wild-type hearts, infarcted TF∆CT hearts showed less infiltration of proinflammatory cells with concomitant lower expression of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) - Rac1 axis. In particular, infarcted TF∆CT hearts displayed markedly lower ratios of inflammatory M1 macrophages and reparative M2 macrophages (M1/M2). In vitro experiment with primary macrophages demonstrated that deletion of the TF cytoplasmic domain inhibited macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype. Furthermore, infarcted TF∆CT hearts presented markedly higher peri-infarct vessel density associated with enhanced endothelial cell proliferation and higher expression of PAR2 and PAR2-associated pro-angiogenic pathway factors. Finally, the overall cardioprotective effects observed in TF∆CT mice could be abolished by subcutaneously infusing a cocktail of PAR1-activating peptide and PAR2-inhibiting peptide via osmotic minipumps. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the TF cytoplasmic domain exacerbates post-infarct cardiac injury and adverse LV remodeling via differential regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis. Targeted inhibition of the TF cytoplasmic domain-mediated intracellular signaling may ameliorate post-infarct LV remodeling without perturbing coagulation.

Keywords

Male, FACTOR VIIA, Myocardial Infarction, Medicine (miscellaneous), ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY, Research & Experimental Medicine, Ventricular Function, Left, angiogenesis, Mice, FIBROSIS, Myocytes, Cardiac, Myofibroblasts, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), FACTOR DEFICIENCY, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Ventricular Remodeling, tissue factor cytoplasmic domain, Adverse left ventricular remodeling, RECEPTOR 2, myocardial infarction, Medicine, Research & Experimental, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Research Paper, Signal Transduction, TARGETED DELETION, INHIBITION, 610, Thromboplastin, Tissue factor cytoplasmic domain, Protein Domains, 3211 Oncology and carcinogenesis, 616, adverse left ventricular remodeling, EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX, Animals, Receptor, PAR-2, 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Receptor, PAR-1, Cell Proliferation, Inflammation, Science & Technology, Macrophages, Myocardium, Macrophage Activation, COLLAGEN, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myocardial infarction, MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, inflammation, Angiogenesis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
19
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold