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Biophysical Journal
Article
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
Data sources: UnpayWall
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Biophysical Journal
Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
Data sources: Crossref
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Multiple Ligand Unbinding Pathways and Ligand-Induced Destabilization Revealed by WExplore

Authors: Alex, Dickson; Samuel D, Lotz;

Multiple Ligand Unbinding Pathways and Ligand-Induced Destabilization Revealed by WExplore

Abstract

We report simulations of full ligand exit pathways for the trypsin-benzamidine system, generated using the sampling technique WExplore. WExplore is able to observe millisecond-scale unbinding events using many nanosecond-scale trajectories that are run without introducing biasing forces. The algorithm generates rare events by dividing the coordinate space into regions, on-the-fly, and balancing computational effort between regions through cloning and merging steps, as in the weighted ensemble method. The averaged exit flux yields a ligand exit rate of 180 μs, which is within an order of magnitude of the experimental value. We obtain broad sampling of ligand exit pathways, and visualize our findings using conformation space networks. The analysis shows three distinct exit channels, two of which are formed through large, rare motions of the loop regions in trypsin. This broad set of ligand-bound poses is then used to investigate general properties of ligand binding: we observe both a direct stabilizing effect of ligand-protein interactions and an indirect destabilizing effect on intraprotein interactions that is induced by the ligand. Significantly, the crystallographic binding poses are distinguished not only because their ligands induce large stabilizing effects, but also because they induce relatively low indirect destabilizations.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Kinetics, Protein Conformation, Enzyme Stability, Trypsin, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Ligands, Benzamidines, Protein Binding

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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
69
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 1%
hybrid