AbstractUnnatural substituted amino acids play an important role as chiral building blocks, especially for pharmaceutical industry, where the synthesis of chiral biologically active molecules still represents an open challenge. Recently, modification of the hydrophobic binding pocket of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase fromPetroselinum crispum(PcPAL) resulted in specifically tailoredPcPAL variants, contributing to a rational design template for PAL-activity enhancements towards the differently substituted substrate analogues. Within this study we tested the general applicability of this rational design model in case of PALs, of different sources, such as fromArabidopsis thaliana(AtPAL) andRhodosporidium toruloides(RtPAL). With some exceptions, the results support that the positions of substrate specificity modulating residues are conserved among PALs, thus the mutation with beneficial effect for PAL-activity enhancement can be predicted using the established rational design model. Accordingly, the study supports that tailoring PALs of different origins and different substrate scope, can be performed through a general method. Moreover, the fact thatAtPAL variants I461V, L133A and L257V, all outperformed in terms of catalytic efficiency the corresponding, previously reported, highly efficientPcPAL variants, of identical catalytic site, suggests that not only catalytic site differences influence the PAL-activity, thus for the selection of the optimal PAL-biocatalysts for a targeted process, screening of PALs from different origins, should be included.