We explored the influence of polymorphisms in genes encoding the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 in a cohort of Tunisian patients with malignant hematologic diseases multiple myeloma [MM], non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL], Hodgkin's disease, and acute myeloid leukemia [AML], who underwent stem cell mobilization for autologous transplantation versus a group of healthy donors for allogeneic transplantation. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLp) analysis was used for rapid identification of genotypes. Significant associations for SDF1-3'A polymorphism were observed exclusively in patients with MM and NHL. While there was a lack of all association of SDF-1 polymorphism with AML patients. However, considering that the ability of mobilization varies among subjects, we have observed that the SDF1-3'A allele was associated with good mobilization capacity. Interestingly, the association was mainly observed among healthy allogeneic transplant donors where the analysis was not biased by background disease or chemotherapy (P=.010; odds ratio=2.603; confidence interval [95%]=1.239-5.466).