The long-term effect of direct pulp capping and pulpotomy is closely related to the type of pulp capping materials. Various kinds of direct pulp capping materials are available, such as calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregates. Diverse new pulp capping materials have been reported recently. The excellent performance of calcium silicates has attracted much attention in previous studies. Moreover, enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain), which is capable of regeneration and remineralization, and other materials with similar capabilities have shown potential for use in pulp capping.