A 66 year old, Spaniard, born at Sueca (Valencia Province), was found infected with "Fonsecaea pedrosoi". His lesion, located in the inner aspect of the right arm, appeared when he was 7-8 years old, and progressed very slowly until he migrated to Venezuela, at 42. Thereafter it progressed more rapidly and started to hurt. Treatment included administration of 5-flucytosine at the daily dose of 150 mg./kg. during 4 and a half months and thermotherapy by means of a permanent adhesive tape on the lesion during 6 months. Eleven months after completion of the treatment, the patient is asymptomatic. This is the second case of chromomycosis originating in the Iberian peninsula. The importance of climate, clothing and age is discussed with reference to epidemiology of chromomycosis. The isolated strain of "F. pedrosoi" is the first one from the same region: its cultural characteristics and virulence among mice are studied and reported with some details. We think that in Europe, and especially in the Mediterranean countries, cases of chromomycosis did possibly occur, which were labelled as tuberculosis verrugosa or vegetans pyoderma owing to their histological picture.