Over the last two decades, many attempts have been made to record electroretinograms (ERG) of human macula by several investigators. However, previous ERG responses were not informative enough, because each ERG component could not be evaluated independently. However, we have developed a new system for recording focal macular ERG where we can evaluate all ERG components. This paper reviews what we have found using our system in terms of the macular physiology and pathogenesis in human eyes.