This paper offers a review of cranial nerve rhizopathies caused by vascular compression of cranial nerves in the posterior cranial fossa. We present our results of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia caused by compression of the 5th, 7th and 9th cranial nerves, respectively. After a median observation time of 38 months, 20 of 25 patients with trigeminal neuralgia were completely free of pain, and one patient reported more than 50% pain relief. Four out of five patients treated for hemifacial spasms were completely free of spasms. Of two patients treated for glossopharyngeal neuralgia, one reported complete pain relief, whereas the other reported less than 50% pain relief. No serious complications occurred. The results of microvascular decompression reported in the literature reviewed, including results of the treatment of tinnitus and positional vertigo due to compression of the 8th cranial nerve, hypertension due to compression of the 10th cranial nerve and spastic torticollis due to compression of the 11th cranial nerve. It is concluded that the rationale behind microvascular decompression is supported by an extensive amount of data.