
The past and present distribution of Bancroftian filariasis in Brazil is reviewed. Parasitological and entomological surveys were conducted between 1951 and 1958, the autochthonous transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti having been found only in 11 places in the country as follows, with the corresponding prevalences: Ponta Grossa (SC), 14.5%; Belém (PA), 9.8%; Barra de Laguna (SC), 9.4%; Recife (PE), 6.9%; Castro Alves (BA), 5.9%; Florianópolis (SC), 1.4%; São Luis (MA), 0.6%; Salvador (BA), 0.4%; Maceió (AL), 0.3%; Manaus (AM), 0.2% and Porto Alegre (RS), 0.1%. The distribution of infection was urban and focal, occurring mainly along the coast. Control measures carried out against filariasis achieved considerable success, reducing infection and transmission, only Belém and Recife being considered endemic areas. Recent studies show the active transmission of filariasis with higher prevalences than those observed in the past,in Maceió, considered to be free from infection, and in Recife. The knowledge of the present status of Bancroftian filariasis in Brazil is important as baseline information, because it will allow for the establishment of control measures by Public Health organizations.
Foi feita revisão dos estudos sobre a distribuição geográfica e prevalências da filariose linfática bancroftiana no Brasil. Entre 1951 a 1958 foram realizados inquéritos hemoscópicos e entomológicos no País, sendo a transmissão autóctone comprovada em apenas 11 Municípios: Ponta Grossa (SC), 14,5%; Belém (PA), 9,8%; Barra de Laguna (SC), 9,4%; Recife (PE), 6,9%; Castro Alves (BA), 5,9%; Florianópolis (SC), 1,4%; São Luís (MA), 0,6%; Salvador (BA), 0,4%; Maceió (AL), 0,3%; Manaus (AM), 0,2% e Porto Alegre (RS), 0,1%. A distribuição da parasitose era urbana e focal, principalmente em cidades litorâneas. As ações de controle implementadas levaram a uma apreciável queda nas taxas de microfilarêmicos sendo consideradas, a partir de então, áreas endêmicas para filariose linfática no Brasil somente as cidades de Belém e Recife. Estudos recentes mostram transmissão ativa da parasitose, com prevalências superiores às detectadas no passado, em Maceió, cujo foco era considerado extinto, e em Recife. O conhecimento da situação atual da bancroftose no Brasil é de fundamental importância para a implementação de ações de controle da endemia envolvendo o Ministério da Saúde e órgãos de saúde pública.
Filariose, Filariasis, Elephantiasis, Filarial, Prevalence, Animals, Humans, epidemiology, Wuchereria bancrofti, epidemiologia, Brazil
Filariose, Filariasis, Elephantiasis, Filarial, Prevalence, Animals, Humans, epidemiology, Wuchereria bancrofti, epidemiologia, Brazil
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