Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most common intraocular infection in patients with Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Approximately 25% of patients with AIDS will develop CMV retinitis during their life time. It is generally associated with CD4+ lymphocyte counts of less than 50 cells/microliter. Clinically, the most characteristic feature of CMV retinitis is a yellow-white lesion of retinal necrosis with a granular border extending into the surrounding retina. At present, ganciclovir and foscarnet have been approved for the treatment of CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS. Although both drugs arrest the progression of retinitis, relapse often occurs. More than ever, ophthalmologists have a special obligation to alleviate both the physical and psychological suffering of patients with CMV retinitis.