The present status of gastroenterological laparoscopic surgery in Russia is comprehensively analyzed. Based on the generalized data obtained by 11 leading clinicians of the country, the authors in detail consider the feasibilities of endoscopic techniques of surgical gastroenterology, the proportion of each nosological entity in the total statistics of laparoscopic operations. A description is given of the following endoscopic interventions: cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, biliodigestive anastomoses, vagotomy, perforated ulcer suture, antireflux operations, gastrectomy, sigmoidectomy, right-sided hemicolectomy, rectal surgery, appendectomy, Meckel's diverticulum removal. By using the cumulative experience gained at short-term endoscopic surgery in Russia, the authors conclude that the new technique is promising during most surgical interventions in gastroenterology.