On the basis of personal experience during the past five years, the anaesthesiological and resuscitatory problems of neonatal surgery are considered, with special regard to the following pathological conditions: oesophageal atresia, diaphragmatic hernia, omphalocele and gastroschisis, neonatal peritonitis, anal atresia, intestinal atresia and stenosis. It is stated that the new post-operative care tecniques have not only improved survival percentages, but, in the case of oesophageal atresia, have made it possible to operate (radically) even in seriously immature babies with ongoing complications.