An important social and medical problem of alcoholism and drug addiction in Poland is presented. Alcoholism is a serious danger for individuals, families and society because it is so common and due to its consequences. Described is a three stage system of preventing measures being undertaken by state and local administration together with local community institutions. By the example of the activities performed by the plenipotentiary of the voivode of Krakow a duties of such institutions are presented. The special role is played by the high medical personnel according to the prevention and early detection of potential threats.