The study was undertaken to improve transport and selective culture media and a testing scheme for dysbacteriosis. Great emphasis is laid on methods for isolating and identifying the nonclostridial anaerobes which are the major component of the normal human intestinal microflora. The following media were proposed: a) a sterility-checking-up medium, hemin, vitamin K1, cysteine, and twin 80 was for transportation of samples to a laboratory; b) anaerobic blood-containing agar with selective additives (kanamycin and bile) for isolation of bacteroids; c) a propionic acid-containing medium for isolation of bifidobacteria; d) a acetic acid-containing medium for isolation of lactobacteria. The use of the above culture media, microanaerostats, and three-component gas mixture substantially enhanced the efficiency of microbiological diagnosis for intestinal dysbacteriosis.