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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2019
License: CC BY NC ND
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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2019
License: CC BY NC ND
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Manejo del dolor oncológico

Authors: Marrero Ortiz, Laura;

Manejo del dolor oncológico

Abstract

El dolor es uno de los síntomas más frecuentes en los pacientes con cáncer. Su tratamiento, basado en el algoritmo convencional propuesto por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), es un aspecto indispensable del manejo del paciente oncológico. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los tratamientos farmacológicos disponibles en la actualidad. Nos centraremos en el dolor oncológico neuropático, irruptivo y óseo, así como en las opciones terapéuticas para el dolor oncológico refractario y el lugar que ocupa cada una de ellas en la estrategia actual. Los opioides son la base del tratamiento, siendo la morfina el de primera elección. Para mejorar el control del dolor, habitualmente se combinan con fármacos no opioides y coadyuvantes. En casos refractarios se plantea la rotación de opioides o el empleo de técnicas intervencionistas. Según la bibliografía consultada, el manejo del dolor oncológico ha variado en los últimos años, especialmente al considerar distintos tipos de dolor y pacientes con características diferentes, y por la introducción de nuevos fármacos como fentanilo y tapentadol. En conclusión, aunque en la bibliografía sigue presente la escalera analgésica de la OMS como base del tratamiento, en la práctica clínica su uso decae a favor de la combinación de terapias y la individualización, buscando una mejor respuesta y mínimos efectos secundarios.

Pain is one of the most common symptoms in cancer patients. Its treatment, which is based on the WHO analgesic algorithm, is a key aspect of cancer patient management. Therefore, the aim of this project is to review the current available pharmacologic treatments. We will focus on neuropathic, breakthrough and bone cancer pain, as well as the therapeutic options for refractory pain and highlighting the place of each in the current cancer pain therapy. Opioids are the mainstay of analgesic therapy and morphine is the gold standard. They are usually combined with non opioid drugs and adjuvants, to enhance analgesia. In refractory cases, opioid rotation or interventional techniques such as spinal analgesia, are suggested. According to the consulted bibliography, cancer pain management has changed in the past few years, specially when considering different types of pain and patient conditions, and the emerge of new drugs, such as fentanyl or tapentadol. In conclusion, although the WHO analgesic ladder is still present in literature as the main framework in cancer pain, in clinical practice its use is lowering in favour of combination therapies, looking for a better response and minimization of side effects, i.e., the individualization of the therapy is a common trend.

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Keywords

Tratamiento del dolor oncológico, Dolor oncológico, Dolor oncológico, Tratamiento del dolor oncológico, Terapias intervencionistas, Terapias intervencionistas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
views
OpenAIRE UsageCountsViews provided by UsageCounts
downloads
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Cancer Research