Rabies is not found in Japan at present, but the possibility of invasion of this dangerous infection into Japan always must be kept in mind. In this paper, concerning this disease, epidemiology, infection route to men, pathology, incubation time, general clinical findings, clinical course, various diagnostic methods, differential diagnosis and palliative treatments are described and discussed respectively. Next, prophylaxis using Japanese-make inactivated rabies vaccine derived from chicken embryo are recommended. The property, antibody titer obtained after vaccination, security, a few adverse reaction and a way of preservation, technique of vaccination, contra-indication and miscellaneous articles which should be kept in mind are explained. The immunization is especially described at two paragraphs dividedly, namely before- and after-exposure vaccination. That the starting time of after-exposure vaccination should be considered carefully in each case in emphasized.