Recent advances in pathophysiology of the adrenal glands suggest new indications for adrenalectomy. In open surgery large incisions are needed to remove a small gland; on the contrary, laparoscopic procedures offer new possibilities. The present study is a review of the literature on indications, contraindications and surgical technique of laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Evaluations of these initial experiences are favourable, however, due to the small number of patients operated and to the short follow up, a definitive opinion on the role of laparoscopic surgery for adrenalectomy has to be formulated.