The determination of the amount and concentration of protein substances in structures of neuron tissue by two most popular methods of quantitative histochemistry (cytophotometry and interferometry) revealed a significant comparability of the data provided by the two methods. These methods were compared using the pattern of early vision deprivation, taking layer V neurons of the rabbit brain visual cortex as example. In addition to merits and demerits of these methods, their interchangeability was determined. A merit of cytophotometry is that it allows to evaluate more in detail the condition of neuron morphochemical differentiation both in normal state and under changes in functional state of neuron system.