The paper presents surgical complications of vascular access in patients with chronic haemodialysis. The author demonstrates his experience with 303 patients having this special vascular operation. The incidence, management, and possible causes of respective complications are reviewed. The most common complications were late thrombosis, infection and aneurysms. The least complications occurred in autogenous arteriovenous fistulas according to Brescia-Cimino. There was no steal syndrome in the whole group of patients. Except an accurate operating technique it is of great importance to take a careful care for and to manipulate exactly with the fistulas in the haemodialysis departments.