Reperfusion injury occurs after flow is restored to an ischemic area in an effort to salvage limbs and prevent amputation. Skeletal muscle damage occurs during ischemia as well as during reperfusion. Literature review supports the theory that reperfusion of the ischemic area may cause a chain of events that results in irreversible necrosis. Neutrophils, calcium, and oxygen free radicals appear to play a significant role in the cellular injury during reperfusion. Free radical scavengers administered at the appropriate time may prevent injury. Nurses play a significant role in identifying signs of reperfusion injury.