Studies concerning the effect of population-specific inversions on mating behavior of Drosophila lummei Hackman showed that competitiveness of males carrying the inversion for mating with females without the inversion significantly decreases, independently from the location of inversions in chromosomes and the origin of studied strains. Crossing of the competing males with the female carrying the population-specific inversion showed that the competitiveness of males with the inversion in their genome increases in a series of crosses but, nevertheless, remains lower than that of males without the inversion. Hence, it can be suggested that population-specific inversions can be involved in prezygotic isolation of specific forms during the species divergence.