The idea of maternity--and paternity as well--reaches far beyond the field of biological reproduction inasmuch as it implies a subject's desire, besides being regulated by the symbolic order: Language, myths, patterns and values of a given culture. From this point of view, infertility cannot be considered as a mere somatic illness, but as a human problem implying psychological and social aspects that require a search for solutions unlikely to be reduced to a sole medical operation. The development of the new reproductive technology is in keeping with the increasing medicalization of human lives, human sexuality, and human bodies.