The work analyses the anatomomorphological characteristics of primary tumors of the heart in 106 patients; in 101 patients the tumor was benign (myxoma, neurinoma, rhabdomyoma) and in 5 malignant (angiosarcoma, liposarcoma). Surgical treatment was conducted in 99 patients; hospital lethality was 7.1%. Six patients who refused an operation died at other therapeutic institutions, one patient died on admission to the clinic from occlusion of the left atrioventricular orifice by the tumor. It is pointed out that the diversity and the various degree of the clinical manifestations of the disease are predetermined by the localization and morphological characteristics of the new growths, their size, and mobility. The authors emphasize that knowledge of the anatomomorphological features of primary tumors of the heart and their early diagnosis are conducive to a differential approach in each concrete situation and to the choice of the optimal volume of an urgent surgical intervention.