The Authors describe a case of non recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve located on the right side observed during anatomical studies of the innervation of the larynx. The description is accompanied by photographic documentation which shows the anomalous course of the nerve and its abnormal relationship with the right subclavian artery, also anomalous. The embryological nature of such anatomical variations is discussed followed by considerations concerning possible consequences with regard to clinical aspects and thyroid surgery. Furthermore, the Authors indicate clinical signs that may suggest the presence of such anomaly so as to avoid anatomical or functional damage of the nerve which, although anomalous, plays an important role in coordinating breathing and phonation.