Lipoprotein(a) or Lp(a) is similar to low density lipoproteins (LDL), but also contains a large glycoprotein molecule called apo-lipoprotein(a) or apo(a). The lipid composition of Lp(a) is nearly identical to that of LDL. The structure of apo(a) is similar to that of plasminogen. Several genetic polymorphisms have been described for apo(a). The increasing interest in Lp(a) is due to the positive correlation which exists between the plasma level of Lp(a) and the incidence of ischaemic heart disease. Plasma Lp(a) level varies greatly from one individual to another and is basically dependent on genetic factors, especially for the isoforms of apo(a). A level above 30 mg.dl is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis-related diseases. There are few treatments which are effective in significantly reducing raised levels of Lp(a).