In eye trauma every structure of the eyeball can be injured by three classical mechanisms: laceration, blunt trauma, intraocular foreign body. The lesions are studied from the front to the back, describing diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Superficial corneal ulcerations and foreign bodies are the most common and often mild. Among serious injuries, the most frequent are: corneal perforation with risk of central opacity; cataract, with perforation or blunt trauma; anterior blunt injury with anterior chamber hemorrhage possibly complicated by secondary glaucoma; and posterior intraocular foreign body and blunt posterior lesion leading to retinal detachment.