Charcoal bamboo (Bambusae glaucescens) was placed in the resected tibial diaphysis of sixteen New Zealand White rabbits. At two, four and six weeks and again at six months after the operations, four rabbits in each period were killed and all specimens were examined under a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The six-week specimens showed that there was neobone invasion into the pores of the charcoal bamboo. There was no evidence of fibroencapsulation or inflammatory response. Due to its structure as a uniform porous material with interconnecting pores and carbon composition, the charcoal bamboo has been proved to be an osteotropic material.Charcoal bamboo should be an alternative bone substitute which may be used in humans in the near future. This material is available and easy to produce and prepare in developing countries.