A 26 year old woman, living in Brazzaville, was referred by her ophthalmologist about papillo-oedema. Neurological examination showed frontal syndrome and papillo-oedema without another sign of intracranial hypertension. Electroencephalogram revealed bilateral delta waves and bifrontal points. Significant inflammatory syndrome was noted. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed trypanosomes with an elevated rate of protein and cells. Treatment by tetracosactide and eflornithine gave a good recovery. Authors are stressing the disconcerting feature of this clinical form. An urban from of the disease and the fight against african trypanosomiasis are also discussed.