Advocates of home birth cite psychological and medical benefits in their demand for a different approach to birthing procedures. Opponents emphasize the risks of this approach and point to improved outcomes through medical progress available only in hospitals, as well as to recent, less positive European attitudes toward home births. A review of the literature shows that present data are limited and do not conclusively support either opinion. It is essential that the medical profession become actively involved in an objective analysis of the merits and deficiencies of home and hospital birth settings. This participation should ensure that new approaches to birth will maintain the highest possible standards in maternal, fetal, and neonatal welfare.