On the basis of ten years' experience in vascular injuries, the authors report 46 cases of iatrogenic lesions. They were due both to diagnostic (catheterism, angiography, injection etc.) and therapeutic procedures. Vascular injuries may occur during any kind of surgical operation; diagnosis can sometimes be very difficult and reached late. It is probable that these lesions are more frequent than is generally believed because they are observed more frequently in highly specialized Departments of Surgery, and sometimes are not reported for medicolegal reasons.