Current medicine is a complicated system of knowledge, its construction requiring certain philosophical grounds based on the principles of dialectic materialistic ideology. These principles must rest upon clear understanding of the object and subject of medicine and levels of its investigations. The following problems of medicine require further study: reactive and adaptive essence of disease; correlation of norm and health, pathology and disease, their unity, interrelationships, and qualitative differences, Thus, these problems receive different interpretations causing conflicts. It is necessary to strictly adhere to concepts of dialectic materialism, to strengthen the unity of dialectic materialistic philosophy and natural sciences as recommended by V. I. Lenin.