The results of transplantation of various parts of the central and peripheral nervous system are considered. Transplantation of nerve trunks is used clinically, and heterogenous regeneration of the nerves results in reinnervation of tissues and organs. The spinal ganglion transplantation is successfully used in experiments with both embryonic and mature differentiated neurons. Transplantation of different parts of the cortex, some subcortical structures, hyppocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum and the spinal cord is made using immature neurons. Some attempts have been made to transplant the nerve tissue grown in vitro into a host.