After intense exposure to herbicides and insecticides, a farmer developed a rapidly progressive anti GBM glomerulonephritis, which led to terminal renal failure without pulmonary involvement. The etiologic role of the toxic compounds is suggested by the close temporal relationship between the exposure and the nephritis and further supported by the occurrence of similar cases after solvent exposure and by epidemiological studies. The diagnosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis should be considered in the presence of toxic acute renal failure.