The psychiatric literature on pseudocyesis (false pregnancy) is reviewed and four new cases are described and discussed. The psychopathological significance of insecurity feelings is discussed and it is formulated that an insecurity-produced non-conscious motive aiming at an important benefit contributes to the strong wish for a child shared by all four patients with pseudocyesis. Attention is drawn to the fact that the condition may relapse as shown in one case, or precipitate a severe depressive illness as demonstrated in another. It is emphasized that prompt diagnosis, full support and responsible and tactful handling are essential in dealing with a condition as delicate as pseudocyesis. The need for close cooperation between gynaecologist, psychiatrist and psychiatric social worker is stressed.