The paper deals with the analysis and assessment of basic results concerning investigations of nervous tissue proteins and their metabolism. The studies have been made in research institutions of the Ukrainian SSR for 60 years (1922-1982) and are of importance for comprehending the role of these proteins in the structural and biochemical organization of the nervous tissue and participation in its physiological functions and pathological processes. Special attention is payed to elucidation of the results and prospects for studies dealing with physicochemical properties and biological role of certain neurospecific proteins--protein S-100, antigen D (protein 14-3-2), the basic encephalitogenic protein myelin and protein P2.