In Germans as well as in "foreign workers" acute tuberculous lymphnode disease is most often seen in the drainage areas of old sometimes even calcified tuberculous processes. The infective agent is almost always mycobacterium tuberculosis. Resistant strains are rarely found even in recurrent disease. Differential diagnosis includes tulareaemia, cat scratch syndrome, lues, and foreign body reaction. In those cases in which the histopathologic findings are similar to productive tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and epitheloid cell reaction in the drainage area of malignant tumors have to be taken into account. Knowing the usual good-response to tuberculostatic drugs there is no need to perform risky operations or to utilize rather dangerous agents such as streptomycine.