The data on the organization of oncological researches and anticancer combat in Italy are reported. The main cancer research centers--National Cancer Institute (Milan), the Regina Elene Institute (Rome) and the Paskal Fund Tumor Institute (Naples) are described. A brief survey of the activities of Italian Anticancer League as well as of the largest specialized oncological hospitals and anticancer centers is given. The author concludes that oncological research in Italy is being conducted but, within such scope, which fails to meet the requirements of medical science and practice in the country. The allocations for oncological investigations cover only some part of cancer research programs.