Cricopharyngeal myotomy has been used in the treatment of pharyngoesophageal diverticulum and various neurogenic, myogenic and myoneurogenic disorders. An appreciable number of patients with pseudobulbar palsy due to cerebrovascular accidents and patients with idiopathic hypertrophy of the cricopharyngeal muscle will greatly benefit from this procedure. This paper describes the indications for, and results of, 20 consecutive cricopharyngeal myotomies carried out with or without diverticulectomy. All 20 patients experienced cervical esophageal dysphagia and 55% had substantial weight loss. The most valuable investigation is roentgenography of the pharynx and esophagus, which will confirm megapharynx, hypopharyngeal stasis, weak or absent pharyngeal contractions and regurgitation. Hypertrophic cricopharyngeal muscle was demonstrated in 9 of the 20 patients. The diagnostic value of endoscopy and esophageal manometry is limited. The results were considered excellent in all patients with pharyngoesophageal diverticulum and idiopathic hypertrophy of the cricopharyngeal muscle. Marked symptomatic and objective improvement was achieved in patients with cerebrovascular accidents, vagal injuries and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the result was poor in patients with myoneurogenic disorders.