Problems concerned with surgery of the heart conduction system are discussed. Two operations performed directly on the heart conduction system are analysed: operation for dividing the bundle of His or Keith's node with subsequent implantation of electrocardiostimulators in ventricular tachycardia unresponse to drugs and operation for dividing the walls of the right atrium and interatrial septum leading to the development of atrioventricular rhythm. The incisions mentioned were used in approach to the mitral and tricuspid valves for their prosthetics. The second part of interventions on the heart conduction system involves surgical techniques aimed at avoiding damage to the conduction system in manipulations mainly on the cardiac septum. The author believes that this branch of cardiac surgery is new and promising.