Tertiary lymphoid structures(TLS)are gaining attention as sites for anti‒tumor immune responses. They are observed in gynecological tumor tissues, including common gynecological cancers such as endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancers. The distribution and maturity of TLS, along with molecular genetic factors and patient prognosis, are being studied. Enhancing anti‒cancer treatment is anticipated by efficiently inducing TLS within the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, based on basic research aimed at reactivating anti‒tumor immunity within TLS, numerous clinical trials are underway for novel combined therapies targeting TLS‒positive cancers. These trials involve optimal combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune‒activating molecules, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to induce TLS. This has led to the development of new cancer treatment strategies.