On the basis of differentiated surgical management of 276 patients with depressed fractures of the skull the authors proved the efficacy of bone-preserving operations and accomplishing all surgical manipulations in a single stage with the conduction of primary cranioplasty. The justification of performing all stages of surgical treatment during the patient's first stay at the hospital with the conduction of cranioplasty in three stages is substantiated. It is shown that differentiated treatment of depressed fractures improves the results and shortens the period of social and working readaptation of the patients.