On the material of 72 children with infectious toxicoses the authors describe the encephalic syndrome as a manifestation of the neurotoxic syndrome. The neurotoxic syndrome was studied clinically and morphologically. A marked syndrome was characterized by a considerable edema of the brain and its stem and not infrequently by the vedging of the cerebellum into the great occipital orifice. Hemispheric focal symptomatology was typically associated with intracranial hemorrhage which was considered as a manifestation of the DIC syndrome. The authors believe that the neurotoxic syndrome in infectious toxicoses should be considered as general cerebral disorders of noninflammatory nature manifested in non-specific morphofunctional and metabolic disturbances.