This study aims to explore the characteristics of change and the rules of response of the soil bacterial community structure and diversity during the evolution of alpine wetlands. It also seeks to identify the leading factors affecting changes in the soil bacterial community, with the goal of providing a scientific basis for the restoration and management of alpine wetland ecosystems. Three different types of wetlands （original alpine wetland, alpine wet meadow, and alpine meadow） were selected to represent the succession process of alpine wetlands. The composition and diversity of the soil bacterial communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The findings revealed the following： ① Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the predominant bacteria, with their relative abundance exceeding 20.08%. In the alpine wetland, Nitrosomonadaceae and RB41 were the dominant bacteria. Meanwhile, Chthoniobacteraceae and Candidatus_Udaeobacter were the dominant genera in the alpine wet meadow and alpine meadow, respectively. ② Although no significant change was observed in community diversity, significant differences were present in the structure of the soil bacterial community at different succession stages （P<0.05）. ③ Metabolism was a core function. ④ The Mantel test and Pearson correlation analysis indicated that soil pH and total phosphorus （TP） content were the primary factors influencing soil bacterial diversity throughout the succession process of alpine wetlands. During the process of reversed succession in alpine wetlands, changes in soil pH and nutrient content occur, and these changes collectively influence the structure and diversity of the soil bacterial community.